Wind farm¶
In [207]:
import numpy as np
from pydgrid import grid
from pydgrid.plot_bokeh import plot_results
System¶
In [210]:
p_gen = 2000.0 # kW
q_gen = 0 # kvar
p_statcom = 0.0 # kW
q_statcom = 0.0 # kvar
data = {
"lines":[
{"bus_j": "W1mv", "bus_k": "W2mv", "code": "mv_al_300", "m":500},
{"bus_j": "W2mv", "bus_k": "W3mv", "code": "mv_al_300", "m":500},
{"bus_j": "W3mv", "bus_k": "POImv", "code": "mv_al_300", "m":500},
{"bus_j": "POI", "bus_k": "GRID", "code": "hv_line", "m":50.0e3},
],
"buses":[
{"bus": "W1lv", "pos_x": -1500.0, "pos_y": 200.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":0.69},
{"bus": "W2lv", "pos_x": -1000.0, "pos_y": 200.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":0.69},
{"bus": "W3lv", "pos_x": -500.0, "pos_y": 200.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":0.69},
{"bus": "W1mv", "pos_x": -1500.0, "pos_y": 180.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":20.0},
{"bus": "W2mv", "pos_x": -1000.0, "pos_y": 180.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":20.0},
{"bus": "W3mv", "pos_x": -500.0, "pos_y": 180.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":20.0},
{"bus": "POImv", "pos_x": 0.0, "pos_y": 0.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":20.0},
{"bus": "POI", "pos_x": 100.0, "pos_y": 0.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":66.0},
{"bus": "GRID", "pos_x": 500.0, "pos_y": 0.0, "units": "m", "U_kV":66.0},
],
"transformers":[
{"bus_j": "POImv", "bus_k": "POI", "S_n_kVA": 10000.0, "U_1_kV":20.0, "U_2_kV":66.0,
"R_cc_pu": 0.01, "X_cc_pu":0.08, "connection": "Dyg11_3w", "conductors_1": 3, "conductors_2": 3},
{"bus_j": "W1mv", "bus_k": "W1lv", "S_n_kVA": 2500.0, "U_1_kV":20, "U_2_kV":0.69,
"R_cc_pu": 0.01, "X_cc_pu":0.06, "connection": "Dyg11_3w", "conductors_1": 3, "conductors_2": 3},
{"bus_j": "W2mv", "bus_k": "W2lv", "S_n_kVA": 2500.0, "U_1_kV":20, "U_2_kV":0.69,
"R_cc_pu": 0.01, "X_cc_pu":0.06, "connection": "Dyg11_3w", "conductors_1": 3, "conductors_2": 3},
{"bus_j": "W3mv", "bus_k": "W3lv", "S_n_kVA": 2500.0, "U_1_kV":20, "U_2_kV":0.69,
"R_cc_pu": 0.01, "X_cc_pu":0.06, "connection": "Dyg11_3w", "conductors_1": 3, "conductors_2": 3},
],
"grid_formers":[
{"bus": "GRID","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],
"kV": [38.105, 38.105, 38.105], "deg": [30, 150, 270.0]
}
],
"grid_feeders":[{"bus": "W1lv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW": p_gen, "kvar": q_gen},
{"bus": "W2lv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW": p_gen, "kvar": q_gen},
{"bus": "W3lv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW": p_gen, "kvar": q_gen},
{"bus": "POImv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW": p_statcom, "kvar": q_statcom} # STATCOM
],
"groundings":[
{"bus": "POImv" , "R_gnd":32.0, "X_gnd":0.0, "conductors": 3}
],
"line_codes":
{
"mv_al_150": {"R1":0.262, "X1":0.118, "C_1_muF":0.250 },
"mv_al_185": {"R1":0.209, "X1":0.113, "C_1_muF":0.281 },
"mv_al_240": {"R1":0.161, "X1":0.109, "C_1_muF":0.301 },
"mv_al_300": {"R1":0.128, "X1":0.105, "C_1_muF":0.340 },
"hv_line": {"R1":0.219, "X1":0.365, "R0":0.219, "X0":0.365}
}
}
In [211]:
grid_1 = grid()
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf() # solve power flow
p=plot_results(grid_1)
In [214]:
mon = grid_1.monitor(bus_from='POI',bus_to='GRID')
mon.P
Out[214]:
5910895.785662318
In [215]:
mon.Q
Out[215]:
-490329.45241958584
Short circuits¶
Three phase at MV side POI¶
In [4]:
data['shunts'] = [ # three phase fault to ground
{"bus": "POImv" , "R":1.0e-8, "X": 0.0, "bus_nodes": [1,2]},
{"bus": "POImv" , "R":1.0e-8, "X": 0.0, "bus_nodes": [2,3]},
{"bus": "POImv" , "R":1.0e-8, "X": 0.0, "bus_nodes": [3,0]},
]
# powers to zero:
data['grid_feeders'] = [{"bus": "W1lv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW": 0, "kvar": 0},
{"bus": "W2lv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW": 0, "kvar": 0},
{"bus": "W3lv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW": 0, "kvar": 0},
{"bus": "POImv","bus_nodes": [1, 2, 3],"kW":0, "kvar": 0}] # STATCOM
grid_1 = grid()
grid_1.read(data)
grid_1.pf()
p=plot_results(grid_1)
In [ ]:
I_cc = grid_1.transformers[0]['i_1a_m']
print('Three phase short circuit current at POImv = {:0.2f} kA'.format(I_cc/1000))
Three phase short circuit current at POImv = 2.28 kA
Phase-ground W1mv bus¶
In [ ]:
data['shunts'] = [
{"bus": "W1mv" , "R": 1.0e-8, "X": 0.0, "bus_nodes": [1,0]},
]
grid_1 = grid()
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf()
p=plot_results(grid_1)
In [ ]:
I_cc = grid_1.transformers[0]['i_1a_m']
print('Phase-ground short circuit current at W1mv = {:0.2f} kA'.format(I_cc/1000))
Phase-ground short circuit current at W1mv = 0.62 kA
Get POI voltage with generators reactive powers¶
In [ ]:
from scipy import optimize as sopt
data['shunts'] = []
V_ref = 1.0
p_gen = 2.0e3
q_gen = 0
data['grid_feeders'][0]['kW'] = p_gen
data['grid_feeders'][1]['kW'] = p_gen
data['grid_feeders'][2]['kW'] = p_gen
grid_1 = grid()
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf()
def residual(x):
q_gen = x
data['grid_feeders'][0]['kvar'] = q_gen
data['grid_feeders'][1]['kvar'] = q_gen
data['grid_feeders'][2]['kvar'] = q_gen
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf() # solve power flow
V = abs(grid_1.res['POI'].v_ag)/66.0e3*np.sqrt(3)
return V_ref - V
res = sopt.bisect(residual,-3000.0,3000.0)
res
p=plot_results(grid_1)
Optimization with reactive powers (without STATCOM)¶
In [ ]:
V_ref = 1.0
p_gen = 3.0e3
q_gen = 0
data['grid_feeders'][0]['kW'] = p_gen
data['grid_feeders'][1]['kW'] = p_gen
data['grid_feeders'][2]['kW'] = p_gen
grid_1 = grid()
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf()
def obj(x):
data['grid_feeders'][0]['kvar'] = x[0]
data['grid_feeders'][1]['kvar'] = x[1]
data['grid_feeders'][2]['kvar'] = x[2]
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf() # solve power flow
mon = grid_1.monitor(bus_from='POI', bus_to='GRID')
P_loss = p_gen*3*1000 - mon.P
return P_loss
res = sopt.minimize(obj,[0,0,0], method='SLSQP')
print(res)
p=plot_results(grid_1)
fun: 192203.64692081884
jac: array([0.875, 0.875, 1.375])
message: 'Optimization terminated successfully.'
nfev: 61
nit: 8
njev: 8
status: 0
success: True
x: array([496.46556547, 496.46556547, 466.3287252 ])
In [ ]:
mon = grid_1.monitor(bus_from='POI', bus_to='GRID')
print('POI active power = {:0.3f} MW'.format(mon.P/1e6))
print('POI reactive power = {:0.2f} Mvar'.format(mon.Q/1e6))
POI active power = 8.808 MW
POI reactive power = 0.32 Mvar
Optimization with reactive powers (with STATCOM)¶
In [ ]:
V_ref = 1.0
p_gen = 3.0e3
q_gen = 0
data['grid_feeders'][0]['kW'] = p_gen
data['grid_feeders'][1]['kW'] = p_gen
data['grid_feeders'][2]['kW'] = p_gen
grid_1 = grid()
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf()
def obj(x):
data['grid_feeders'][0]['kvar'] = x[0]
data['grid_feeders'][1]['kvar'] = x[1]
data['grid_feeders'][2]['kvar'] = x[2]
data['grid_feeders'][3]['kvar'] = x[3]
grid_1.read(data) # Load data
grid_1.pf() # solve power flow
mon = grid_1.monitor(bus_from='POI', bus_to='GRID')
P_loss = p_gen*3*1000 - mon.P
return P_loss
def const1(x):
return 1.02-abs(grid_1.monitor(bus_from='POI', bus_to='GRID').V_a)/38.105/1000
def const2(x):
return -(0.98-abs(grid_1.monitor(bus_from='POI', bus_to='GRID').V_a)/38.105/1000)
res = sopt.minimize(obj,[0,0,0,0], method='COBYLA',
constraints=[{'type':'ineq','fun':const1},{'type':'ineq','fun':const2}]
)
print(res)
p=plot_results(grid_1)
fun: 192924.1092131082
maxcv: 0.0
message: 'Optimization terminated successfully.'
nfev: 644
status: 1
success: True
x: array([201.34719703, 200.97303112, 200.48882721, 286.99544409])
In [ ]:
mon = grid_1.monitor(bus_from='POI', bus_to='GRID')
print('POI active power = {:0.3f} MW'.format(mon.P/1e6))
print('POI reactive power = {:0.2f} Mvar'.format(mon.Q/1e6))
POI active power = 8.807 MW
POI reactive power = -0.25 Mvar
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